Struggling to Conceive? These 7 Male Fertility Factors Could Be the Missing Piece

When trying to conceive takes longer than expected, the first step for many couples is to examine the woman’s health. But fertility is a two-sided equation. According to the World Health Organization, male factors contribute to up to 50 percent of infertility cases.

The truth is, sperm health is not guaranteed, even if you’ve fathered children before. Age, stress, diet, and health status can all influence reproductive potential. The good news is that many male fertility issues are preventable or reversible.

Here are 7 often-overlooked male fertility factors and what you can do to take back control.

1. Age Affects Sperm Quality

Unlike eggs, sperm are produced continuously throughout life. But that does not mean the quality stays consistent. After age 35, sperm motility (movement), morphology (shape), and DNA integrity begin to decline. This can make conception take longer, increase miscarriage risk, and in rare cases contribute to genetic conditions in children such as autism or schizophrenia. Doctors now recognize paternal age as an important factor in fertility care.
Tip: Consider getting a baseline semen analysis in your 30s if you plan to have children in the future. Early insight can guide healthier lifestyle choices and smarter family planning. And if you are older, it is not too late. Positive changes and assisted reproductive options can still make a difference.

2. Your Habits May Be Quietly Undermining Fertility

Everyday choices can have a big impact on reproductive health. Diets high in processed foods, sugar, and unhealthy fats are linked to lower sperm count and poorer quality. Stress raises cortisol, which interferes with testosterone and sperm production. Smoking and heavy alcohol use damage sperm DNA through oxidative stress. Being inactive slows circulation and testosterone levels, while too much heat exposure from hot tubs, saunas, or even resting a laptop on your lap can affect sperm production. Poor sleep routines also reduce testosterone and sperm output.
Tip: Aim for a balanced diet with whole foods, lean protein, and plenty of antioxidants. Cut back on alcohol, stop smoking, and get at least 150 minutes of moderate activity each week. Even simple improvements like eating less processed food and sleeping 7 to 8 hours consistently can improve semen quality within a few months.

3. Hormonal Disruption Can Reduce Sperm Output

Sperm production depends on a delicate balance of hormones such as testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). When this system is thrown off, sperm counts and quality often decline. Obesity raises estrogen and lowers testosterone, while stress and poor sleep also interfere with hormone levels. Low testosterone not only affects sperm but can also drain energy, mood, and sex drive. Chemicals in food and the environment that act like hormones can make things worse.
Tip: Watch for signs such as fatigue, lower muscle mass, depression, or reduced libido. A blood test can measure testosterone, FSH, and LH. If there are problems, lifestyle adjustments like losing weight, sleeping better, and managing stress often help. In some cases, medical treatments may be needed to restore balance and improve fertility.

4. Underlying Conditions May Be Impacting Reproductive Health

Fertility problems are sometimes linked to hidden health conditions. Diabetes, thyroid disorders, high blood pressure, and varicoceles (enlarged veins in the scrotum) are common examples. These can change blood flow, alter hormone levels, or directly reduce sperm quality. Infections such as high fevers, mumps, or even COVID-19 can temporarily lower sperm count and motility. Autoimmune conditions may also target sperm without obvious symptoms.
Tip: Make routine health checkups a priority. If you have been trying to conceive for 6 to 12 months without success, ask your doctor about a semen analysis and blood work. Many conditions can be treated with medication, surgery, or simple lifestyle adjustments to restore fertility.

5. Sexual Health Tells a Bigger Story

Sexual challenges such as erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, or low libido are not just relationship concerns. They can be early warning signs of underlying health problems such as poor blood vessel function, hormonal imbalances, or neurological issues. Even when intercourse is possible, the timing and frequency of ejaculation matters. Going too long without sex can reduce the chances of conception.
Tip: Do not ignore changes in sexual performance. A healthcare provider can help uncover the cause and suggest solutions. Treatments may include lifestyle changes, counseling, or safe medical therapies. Addressing sexual health not only improves intimacy but can also increase fertility.

6. Your Environment Could Be Working Against You

Everyday exposures to toxins can quietly harm fertility. Pesticides on food, heavy metals in water, industrial chemicals, and plasticizers such as BPA can disrupt hormones and sperm development. Men who work in industries like agriculture, painting, or manufacturing face higher risks due to chemical exposure. But even household items such as non-stick pans, cleaning sprays, and air fresheners can release harmful compounds. Long-term studies have linked these exposures to a global decline in sperm counts.
Tip: Buy organic produce when possible, especially for fruits and vegetables most likely to carry pesticide residues. Use glass or stainless steel instead of plastic containers. Limit chemical-based personal care products and keep your home well ventilated. These small changes help reduce your overall toxic load.

7. Certain Medications May Lower Fertility

Some common medications can interfere with sperm production. Anabolic steroids and testosterone replacement therapy can signal the body to stop making sperm. Finasteride, which is used for hair loss and prostate issues, has been linked to reduced sperm count in some men. Certain antidepressants may affect libido, ejaculation, or sperm motility. Chemotherapy and radiation treatments can also have lasting effects. The impact depends on the drug, the dosage, and individual factors.
Tip: If you are planning to conceive, let your doctor know about all the medications and supplements you take. They may be able to recommend fertility-friendly alternatives or adjust your dosage. Do not stop prescribed medication without medical advice, but know that careful planning can protect your fertility goals.

Sperm Health Can Be Improved. Here’s How to Start

The encouraging part is that sperm regenerate every 74 days (Amann, 2008). Improvements in diet, sleep, movement, and stress management can lead to better fertility outcomes in just two to three months.

If you’re looking for a discreet and lab-grade way to evaluate your sperm health, Mate Health’s at-home semen analysis kits provide clear insights into your motility, morphology, sperm count, and DNA fragmentation. It is a simple and private way to start taking control of your reproductive health, with no clinic visits required.

Ready to Understand Your Numbers?

Explore how lifestyle and science can work together to boost fertility, starting with data you can trust. Visit Mate Health to learn more or order your at-home kit today.

• Post written by Sarika Ghimire.